The Limits of Community: Wendell Berry, Books Bans, and Intellectual Freedom as an Individual Right
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v8i1.7867Abstract
Beginning with a broad overview of community-oriented arguments for or against intellectual freedom (exemplified, in one case, by the writer and activist Wendell Berry), this chapter defines two forms of community: one active, the other passive. But do appeals to community make sense in environments increasingly hostile to intellectual freedom? In what ways have both of these forms already been weaponized by right-wing actors? It can certainly be argued that intellectual freedom benefits communities, but what if a community rejects intellectual freedom altogether? After detailing a recent case involving Nikole Hannah-Jones’s The 1619 Project as well as subsequent efforts to ban the project in school classrooms across the United States, this chapter comes back to Berry, using his writings on gay marriage as a framework from which to (re)cast intellectual freedom as an individual—not a communitarian—right.
References
Alter, Alexandra and Elizabeth Harris. 2022. “Book Ban Efforts Spread Across the U.S.” New York Times, January 30, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/30/books/book-ban-us-schools.html.
Alter, Karen, and Michael Zürn. 2020. “Conceptualising Backlash Politics. Introduction to a Special Issue on Backlash Politics in Comparison.” The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 22, no. 4: 563-584. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148120947958.
Berry, Wendell. 2019. “Caught in the Middle.” In Wendell Berry: Essays 1993-2017, edited by Jack Shoemaker, 615-630. New York: Library of America. (Original work published 2015).
Berry, Wendell. 2019. “On Edward O. Wilson’s Consilience.” In Wendell Berry: Essays 1993-2017, edited by Jack Shoemaker, 145-195. New York: Library of America. (Original work published 2000).
Berry, Wendell. 2019. The Unsettling of America. In Wendell Berry: Essays 1969-1990, edited by Jack Shoemaker, 219-470. New York: Library of America. (Original work published in 1977).
Bynum, Victoria. 2019. “A Historian’s Critique of The 1619 Project.” World Socialist Web Site, December 22, 2019. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/12/21/bynu-d22.html.
De Falco, Stefano. 2019. “Digital and Urban Spaces: Oxymoron or Binomial? Urban Transformations in the Digital Era.” Geography Compass 13, no. 10. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12467.
Edwards, Julie, Melissa Robinson, and Kelley Unger. 2013. Transforming Libraries, Building Communities: The Community-Centered Library. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Gabbatt, Adam. 2022. “US Conservatives Linked to Rich Donors Wage Campaign to Ban Books from Schools.” The Guardian, January 24, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jan/24/us-conservatives-campaign-books-ban-schools.
Gaines, Tommi, Karla Wagner, Maria Mittal, Jeanette Bowles, Elizabeth Copulsky, Mark Faul, Robert Harding, and Peter Davidson. 2020. “Transitioning from Pharmaceutical Opioids: A Discrete-Time Survival Analysis of Heroin Initiation in Suburban/Exurban Communities.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 213 (2020): 108084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108084.
Gancarski, A. G. 2021. “Ron DeSantis Says Critical Race Theory Teaches Kids to ‘Attack Cops.’” Florida Politics, June 11, 2021. https://floridapolitics.com/archives/435182-attack-crt-desantis/.
Goldberg, Michelle. 2021. “A Frenzy of Book Banning.” New York Times, November 12, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/12/opinion/book-bans.html.
The Executive Office of Governor Ron DeSantis. “Governor DeSantis Announces Legislative Proposal to Stop W.O.K.E. Activism and Critical Race Theory in Schools and Corporations.” Accessed May 20, 2022. https://www.flgov.com/2021/12/15/governor-desantis-announces-legislative-proposal-to-stop-w-o-k-e-activism-and-critical-race-theory-in-schools-and-corporations/.
Hedegaard, Holly and Merianne Spencer. 2021. “Urban-Rural Differences in Drug Overdose Death Rates, 1999-2019.” NCHS data brief, no. 403. https://permanent.fdlp.gov/gpo153285/db403-H.pdf.
Kamenetz, Anya. 2021. “A Look at the Groups Supporting School Board Protestors Nationwide.” NPR, October 26, 2021. https://www.npr.org/2021/10/26/1049078199/a-look-at-the-groups-supporting-school-board-protesters-nationwide.
Larkins, Will. 2022. “Florida’s ‘Don’t Say Gay’ Bill Will Hurt Teens Like Me.” New York Times, March 12, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/12/opinion/florida-dont-say-gay-bill.html.
Lassiter, Matthew. 2015. “Impossible Criminals: The Suburban Imperatives of America’s War on Drugs.” Journal of American History 102, no. 1: 126–140. https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav243.
Levy, Clifford (@cliffordlevy). 2021. “We stand behind The 1619 Project and Nikole’s work, for which she won a Pulitzer Prize last year.” Twitter, June 15, 2021. https://twitter.com/cliffordlevy/status/1404804443850297357.
Lichter, Daniel. 2012. “Immigration and the New Racial Diversity in Rural America.” Rural Sociology 77, no. 1: 3–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00070.x.
“More than One-Third of Heat Deaths Blamed on Climate Change.” 2021. Nature, 594, no. 7862: 153. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A664493923/ITOF?u=cuny_kingsboro&sid=bookmark-ITOF&xid=421a0b17.
Medeiros, Benjamin. 2018. “Regulating Freedom of Expression on Campus.” American Quarterly 70, no. 2: 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2018.0020.
Oltmann, Shannon. 2017. “Creating Space at the Table: Intellectual Freedom Can Bolster Diverse Voices.” The Library Quarterly 87, no. 4: 410–418. https://doi.org/10.1086/693494.
Pérez, Ashley. 2021. “A Texas School District Banned My Book. Then Things Got Really Ugly.” Texas Monthly, December 2, 2021. https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/texas-school-district-banned-my-book/.
Plato. 1989. The Republic and Other Works. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. New York: Anchor Books.
Randell, Caitlin. 2016. “Outsourced Jobs and Poisoned Water: An American Town Fights for Survival.” The Wilson Quarterly 40, no. 4. https://www.wilsonquarterly.com/quarterly/the-decline-of-the-american-middle-class/outsourced-jobs-and-poisoned-water-an-american-town-fights-for-survival.
Redish, Martin. 1982. “The Value of Free Speech.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 130, no. 3: 591-645. https://doi.org/10.2307/3311836.
Revers, Matthias and Richard Traunmüller. 2020. “Is Free Speech in Danger on University Campus? Some Preliminary Evidence from a Most Likely Case.” Kölner Zeitschrift Für Soziologie Und Sozialpsychologie 72, no. 3: 471–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-020-00713-z.
Robertson, Deborah. 2004. Cultural Programming for Libraries: Linking Libraries, Communities, and Culture. Chicago: ALA Editions.
Segers, Grace and Kathryn Watson. 2020. “Trump Blasts 1619 Project on Role of Black Americans and Proposes His Own ‘1776 Commission.’” CBS News, September 18, 2020. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-1619-project-1776-commission/.
Smallwood, Carol. 2010. Librarians as Community Partners: An Outreach Handbook. Chicago: ALA Editions.
Sturges, Paul. 2016. “Intellectual Freedom, Libraries and Democracy.” Libri 66, no. 3: 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1515/libri-2016-0040.
Schwartz, Sarah. 2021. “Lawmakers Push to Ban ‘1619 Project’ from Schools.” Education Week, February 3, 2021. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/lawmakers-push-to-ban-1619-project-from-schools/2021/02.
Vanpée, Janie. 1990. “Reading Lessons in Rousseau’s Emile ou de l’éducation.” Modern Language Studies 20, no. 3: 40–49.